Methadone, given on a daily basis as part of a comprehensive recovery program, may
be useful for treating addiction to any opioid drug. This class of drugs includes
those made from the opium poppy, like heroin, morphine, or opium itself – these
are often called “opiates.” Other opioids are made synthetically, like oxycodone
(Percocet ®), hydromorphone (Dilaudid ®), hydrocodone (Vicodin ®), codeine, and
others.
All of the opioids work on similar areas in the brain, called mu-opioid receptors.
Methadone, which is a synthetic and very long-lasting opioid, works in those same
brain areas, occupying the receptors so completely that it blocks the effects of
other opioids. In this way, methadone prevents opioid withdrawal
symptoms and reduces drug craving. To do this, methadone only has to
be taken once a day, every day – called methadone maintenance treatment or MMT –
and, at the proper dose, it does not make the person feel “high” or drugged. So,
the person can lead a more normal and healthier life.
MMT is not intended for treating addiction to non-opioid drugs, such as cocaine,
alcohol, marijuana, or others. In fact, taking those other substances of abuse while
in methadone treatment can hinder the person’s progress in recovery. However, research
has demonstrated that the majority of patients receiving adequate methadone doses
decrease or eliminate their use of other psychoactive substances. Counseling and
psychosocial therapy, including participation in 12-Step groups, provide important
treatments for dealing with the problems of other drug and alcohol abuse. Long-term
retention in MMT also is vital for allowing enough time for such approaches to exert
their beneficial effects.
Sources:
Goldsmith DS, Hunt DE, Lipton DS, Strug DL. Methadone folklore: believes about side
effects and their impact on treatment. Human Organization. 1984;43(4):330-339.
Velten E. Myths about methadone. NAMA Eduction Series, Number 3. 1992.